RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The brain is, basically speaking, a predictive machine, designed to reduce environmental incertitude. The theory of mind originated from a concept found in the pioneer works of Premack and Woodruf and refers to the ability to understand and predict the behaviour of other people, their knowledge, intentions, emotions and beliefs. This term was initially confined to the study of primatology and aetiology of autism, proposing that the cause of generalised disorders in development was an absence of theory of mind. In recent years however we have observed a great proliferation of studies on this complex concept and its affectation in various pathologies. DEVELOPMENT: This work proposes dividing the concept of theory of mind into different processes and how to evaluate each one. It furthermore aims at establishing the brain structures related with each level of theory of mind. These levels of complexity are: facial recognition of emotions, first and second order beliefs, social usage of language, social behaviour and empathy. CONCLUSIONS: To conclude, we reflect on certain relevant theoretic concepts on the matter such as the role of prefrontal cortex in the theory of mind, the categorical versus dimensional when we refer to this type of concept; modularity or neural systems, emotional and social intelligence versus cognitive intelligence or the role of bi-directionality in these complex cognitive processes.
Assuntos
Inteligência , Processos Mentais , Projetos de Pesquisa , Animais , Comportamento , Encéfalo/anatomia & histologia , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Emoções , Humanos , Modelos TeóricosRESUMO
Introducción. El cerebro es, básicamente, una máquina predictiva encaminada a reducir la incertidumbre del entorno. El origen del concepto de teoría de la mente se encuentra en los trabajos pioneros de Premack y Woodruf y se refiere a la habilidad para comprender y predecir la conducta de otras personas, sus conocimientos, sus intenciones, sus emociones y sus creencias. En un principio este término se hallaba confinado al estudio de la primatología y la etiología del autismo; se proponía que la causa de los trastornos generalizados del desarrollo era una ausencia de teoría de la mente. Desarrollo. Sin embargo, en los últimos años hemos asistido a una gran proliferación de estudios sobre este complejo concepto y su afectación en diversas patologías. En este trabajo se propone una división del concepto de teoría de la mente en distintos procesos y cómo evaluar cada uno de ellos. Se trata, a su vez, de establecer las estructuras cerebrales relacionadas con cada nivel de la teoría de la mente. Estos niveles de complejidad son: reconocimiento facial de emociones, creencias de primer y segundo orden, utilización social del lenguaje, comportamiento social y empatía. Conclusiones. Para finalizar, reflexionamos sobre algunos aspectos teóricos relevantes para el tema como el papel del córtex prefrontal en la teoría de la mente, lo categorial frente a lo dimensional cuando nos referimos a este tipo de conceptos, la modularidad o las redes neurales, la inteligencia emocional y social frente a la inteligencia cognitiva o el papel de la bidireccionalidad en estos procesos cognitivos complejos
Introduction. The brain is, basically speaking, a predictive machine, designed to reduce environmental incertitude. The theory of mind originated from a concept found in the pioneer works of Premack and Woodruf and refers to the ability to understand and predict the behaviour of other people, their knowledge, intentions, emotions and beliefs. This term was initially confined to the study of primatology and aetiology of autism, proposing that the cause of generalised disorders in development was an absence of theory of mind. In recent years however we have observed a great proliferation of studies on this complex concept and its affectation in various pathologies. Development. This work proposes dividing the concept of theory of mind into different processes and how to evaluate each one. It furthermore aims at establishing the brain structures related with each level of theory of mind. These levels of complexity are: facial recognition of emotions, first and second order beliefs, social usage of language, social behaviour and empathy. Conclusions. To conclude, we reflect on certain relevant theoretic concepts on the matter such as the role of prefrontal cortex in the theory of mind, the categorial versus dimensional when we refer to this type of concept; modularity or neural systems, emotional and social intelligence versus cognitive intelligence or the role of bidirectionality in these complex cognitive processes
